What is Kratom?
Kratom is an herbal
leaf from a tree of the Rubiaceae family. It was first documented by
Pieter Korthals, a Dutch colonial botanist. Korthal gave the genus
Mitragyna due to the similarity of the stigma of the plant to a
bishop's mitre.
The Mitragyna
speciosa or kratom trees grow as tall as 12-30 feet and 15 ft wide.
Its dark green colored leaves can grow up to 7 inches long and 4
inches wide. All through out its flowering stage, the growing florets
are completely surrounded and covered by copious overlapping
bracteoles. The leaves fall or grow depending on the season. During
rainy season, the leaves grow abundantly while in dry season, the
leaves fall.
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Kratom contains
alkaloids including mitraphylline, mitragynine and
7-hydroxymitragynine. These alkaloids act as mu-opioid receptor
antagonist. Due to this function, the kratom is use as an alternative
to opiates for those people suffering from opium dependence. The
therapy starts in a low dosage then gradually decreasing and then
finally withdrawn. Symptoms of withdrawal from kratom is milder
compared to opium. Mitragyna also is use as stimulant and depressant.
It is use as sexual enhancer thus, improving their sexual activity.
It is also use as a treatment for some illness such as diarrhea and
pain. The kratom leaves are either boiled or used as a tea or chewed
and smoke. Its effect can cause calmness of mind.
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Kratom, due to its
effects is a controlled substance in some countries including
Thailand, Australia, Bhutan, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Lithuania,
Myanmar and Malaysia. There are some countries that are still
studying the properties of the plant and its effects. Some include
Kratom in their laws such as the Regulation Laws. According to Thai
books, kratom is a milder substance compared to morphine and less
harmful than cocaine.
History of Kratom
In certain South
East Asian countries including Malaysia and Thailand, a certain tree
is very abundant and has always been available. The Kratom tree also
known as "Thom" or "Ketum" is a tall tree that
belongs to the Rubiaciae family. The kratom tree has dark green, oval
shape leaves with clustered yellow flowers. The leaves of the kratom
tree are used by traditional cultures such as Malaysians and Thai for
medicinal purposes for over centuries now. Mitragyna speciosa,
kratom's scientific name was given by a Dutch botanist Pieter
Korthals.
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Kratom contains
alkaloids that said to have effects on the brain. Native regions in
South East Asia use the leaves of kratom in treating diarrhea. The
leaves were boiled and served as a tea. Fresh leaves also are use as
smoking and chewing substances. Due to the alkaloid contents of the
kratom, special attention is being given to the studies for further
development and knowledge about the kratom. Although there is no
clear explanation on how the alkaloids on the kratom work, they were
proven to be effective stimulants and depressants. Some natives used
the kratom as sexual enhancers, improving their sexual activity and
intercourse. When it comes to drug dependence and addiction, kratom
is use in the rehabilitation process of patients suffering from
opiates dependence. Withdrawal symptoms from opiates are very
dangerous and due to the similarities of the effects of kratom to
opiates and with a safer and milder withdrawal symptom from the
leaves, kratom is use as an opiate alternative. Studies proven that
it can also enhance one's sleep and it can calm the mind. Shamans and
folks of old times used kratom for a very long time without any
record of adverse effects. But in recent studies, it was proven that
kratom has the capacity to be abused. In certain countries such as
Canada, kratom is being studied and still on the process of
regulation. Ancient texts and records are not that available about
kratom making kratom a sort of "exotic" tree.
Scientific name and uses of Kratom
NAME: Kratom
Other Names:
Kratom, Kakuam, Ithang, Thom, Ketum
Scientific Name:
Mitragyna speciosa
Family:
Rubiaciae
Genus: Mitragyna
Species:
speciosa
Effect
Classifications: Stimulant, Depressant, Intoxicant
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The Kratom plant is
characterized by its alkaloid content: mitragynine and
7-hydroxymitragynine. These two alkaloids are the primary contributor
of the effects of the plant. Kratom is widely used in South East Asia
for centuries now. Mitragyna speciosa is used in different countries
in several ways. Due to its narcotic effects and its function to the
opioid receptors, the kratom plant is use as an alternative to
opiates to people suffering from opium addiction. The kratom plant
can minimize and control the withdrawal symptoms in opiate dependent
individuals. In the United States and Europe, kratom is use as
treatment to certain ailments particularly pain, anxiety, depression
and withdrawal to drugs. In Southern Thailand, kratom is use as a
substitute for heroin to stop the dependence on the said drug. In
2005, some individuals tried to create a cocktail using kratom leaves
as its base. They boil the leaves and create a tea base and added
Coca Cola, cough syrup and ice. This was used for recreational
purposes. In other cultures, kratom is use as a sexual enhancer,
improving sexual intercourse and increasing libido. Some use the
leaves to treat diarrhea. Some also use kratom as a sedative by using
a low, controlled dose. The effects of the plant can cause calmness
of mind. It can also use as a stimulant. Reports show that kratom can
provide euphoria, a feeling of happiness, activeness, strength and
desire to work. That is why it has a history that the main users of
kratom are laborers and workers. The use of low dosage kratom has no
reported side-effects although certain side-effects were reported if
taken in a frequent, regular, high dose in a long period of time.
Scientific studies of Kratom
A lot of people are
giving attention to the Kratom leaves. Certain companies including
scientific groups and pharmaceuticals are conducting studies on the
composition, properties and effects of kratom in humans. Kratom is
widely available now in the market due to its accessibility in the
internet. Reports showed that the substance is being abused due to
the effects that it can provide to its users. In the United States of
America, Japan and in South East Asia, certain clinical studies are
being conducted to further examine the kratom leaves.
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Until now, the
effects of kratom are not yet fully understand. Recent studies just
revealed that the kratom leaves have alkaloids that can affects the
mu-opioid receptor of the brain. Alkaloids like mitragyne can give a
certain effects such as stimulating and depressing traits. Although,
the process on how these alkaloids work and affect one's behavior is
yet to discover.
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It has been proven
that kratom can be a great pain killing agent although there are no
commercially available pills or preparations that are made from
kratom leaves. It has also been established that kratom can lessen
the withdrawal symptoms of those people with opiate and morphine
dependence. Kratom serves as an alternative to opiates in the
rehabilitation therapy and provides milder withdrawal symptoms
compared to those of opiates. For this, scientists see kratom as a
future drug that can be utilize as a substance to combat drug
addiction and dependence. It has also been proven that kratom is a
good stimulant. Future efforts are being formulated to produce strong
and effective kratom-based antidepressants. But this plan is still
going to take a long way for we still need to have an in-depth
studies and understanding of the mood and behavioral activities of
the brain and its receptors. There are also some efforts in creating
kratom-based cosmetics. Aside from the fact that kratom can affect
the mind, studies shows that it can also affect the body if applied
topically. Future skin rejuvenating creams and lotions are looking
forward in the future.
The benefits of Kratom
Mitragyna speciosa
more commonly known as kratom has been used for over centuries now by
the natives of South East Asian countries such as Thailand, Indonesia
and Malaysia. The kratom tree is abundant and a native to these
countries. Today, the health and medical world is giving attention to
kratom. Independent studies from different laboratories are being
conducted to study the effects of kratom to human consumption. In the
studies, kratom contains alkaloids that have effects on the human
mind. It has stimulating, depressing and intoxicating effects.
Pharmaceuticals are exerting some efforts in creating kratom-based
medicines such as topicals and pain relievers. The leaves are smoked,
chewed and prepared as teas by boiling.
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Taking kratom in a
controlled, low dose certain benefits are said to be acquired. Kratom
was used by jungle people to restore their lost energy. They say that
kratom can restore energy, making you active and stronger. The
natives Thai used the leaves of kratom to treat diarrhea and muscle
pain. Others say that it can lower blood pressure suitable for people
with hypertension. It also contains a substance called epicatechin, a
substance found in dark chocolates that can promote good health.
Mitragyna is said to be a good stimulant therefore others use it as
sexual enhancer to improve their sexual activity. It is also use to
treat people having depressions. Kratom can create a soothing effect,
relaxing and calming the mind. They also used kratom to protect them
from extreme effects of the sun by stimulating the production of
melanin. Some users of kratom say that they use kratom as tea to lose
weight for it has effect to the appetite. Definitely, kratom is such
a discovery and it has a great future in the world of health that's
why the health and drug industry is investing time and money for it.
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